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Oracle GoldenGate软件基于数据库日志结构变化,通过解析源端在线日志或归档日志获得数据增量,再将这些变化应用到目标数据库,从而实现源库和目标库的数据同步。下面通过一个简单的示例,详细介绍利用GoldenGate实现Oracle数据库之间的同步。
1. 安装
1.1 下载介质
GoldenGate的安装介质可以从Oracle的官网上下载。
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html
1.2 配置GoldenGate用户
下载完成后将其拷贝到源和目标的相应位置解压完成后,即可以开始进行配置。
# su – oracle
$ mkdir /u01/ggate
$ cd /u01/ggate
$ tar xvf …….tar
注意,如果使用Oracle 11g的数据库,需要创建一个link文件。
$ ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so -
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
添加如下的内容:
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/ggate
export GGATE=/u01/app/oracle/ggate
1.3 创建目录
使用ggsci工具,创建必要的目录。
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18
Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs
至此,GoldenGate基本的安装完成。
Note. 此部分需要在源端和目标端完成。
2. 源数据库配置
GoldenGate主要通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析,将获取的数据应用到目标端,实现数据同步。因此,为了让GoldenGate能够正常工作,源数据库需要进行一定配置。
2.1 归档模式、附加日志、强制日志
--查看 select db.LOG_MODE, db.SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN, db.FORCE_LOGGING from v$database db --修改 --1)archivelog shutdown immediate startup mount alter database archivelog; alter database open; --2)force logging alter database force logging; --3)supplemental log data alter database add supplemental log data;
2.2 关闭数据库的recyblebin
alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;
如果数据库是10g,需要关闭recyclebin并重启;或者手工purge recyclebin。
2.3 配置复制的DDL支持
create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp; grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate; grant execute on utl_file to ggate; @$GGATE/marker_setup.sql; @$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql; @$GGATE/role_setup.sql; grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate; @$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;
2.4 创建源端和目标端的测试用户
--source create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp; grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender; --destination create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp; grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;
3. 配置manager
在源端和目标端分别执行下面的步骤。
3.1 创建manager
[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr
PORT 7809
ggate (gridcontrol) 3> start manager
Manager started.
4. 配置源端复制队列
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1
extract ext1
userid ggate@source, password oracle
rmthost centos4, mgrport 7809
rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt
ddl include mapped objname sender.*;
table sender.*;
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED
EXTRACT STOPPED EXT1 00:00:00 00:10:55
5. 配置目标端同步队列
5.1 在目标端添加checkpoint表
[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL –添加下列内容
GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint
GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate password ggate
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.
5.2 创建同步队列
GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1
replicat rep1
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
userid ggate,password ggate
discardfile /u01/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
DDL
map sender.*, target receiver.*;
6. 开启同步
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT RUNNING EXT1 00:00:00 00:00:05
GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1
GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT RUNNING REP1 00:00:00 00:00:00