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对于12.1.0.2的In-Memory特性很多朋友都已经知晓,现在可能有这个困惑我一张表启用In-Memory大概需要多少内存呢？该如何估算这个值呢？这里我告诉你通过dbms_compression可以完成你想做的事情
启用In-Memory功能
[oracle@www.xifenfei.com u02]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Aug 7 17:50:47 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 0
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=400M;
alter system set inmemory_size=400M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=400M scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO
4 PDB2 READ WRITE NO
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 0
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=200M;
alter system set inmemory_size=200M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=200M scope=spfile;
alter system set inmemory_size=200M scope=spfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02096: specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this
option
SQL> !oerr ora 2096
02096, 00000, "specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this option"
// *Cause: Though the initialization parameter is modifiable, it cannot be
// modified using the specified command.
// *Action: Check the DBA guide for information about under what scope
// the parameter may be modified
SQL> select 200*1024*1024 from dual;
200*1024*1024
-------------
209715200
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=209715200;
alter system set inmemory_size=209715200
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 838860800 bytes
Fixed Size 2929936 bytes
Variable Size 360712944 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5455872 bytes
In-Memory Area 419430400 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 1
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 400M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 1
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 400M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=100M;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 1
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 100M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
这里可以发现inmemory_query默认为true,但是inmemory_size默认为0,也就是说In-Memory Option默认是关闭的,如果启用直接设置inmemory_size值即可(该值最小值为100M),但是需要注意在cdb中需要重启后生效,pdb需要待cdb生效后才能够设置
估算表设置In-Memory默认需要内存空间
SQL> create user chf identified by xifenfei;
User created.
SQL> grant dba to chf;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from DBA_segments where segment_name = 'T_XIFENFEI';
SUM(BYTES) SUM(BLOCKS)
---------- -----------
13631488 1664
SQL> set serveroutput on
DECLARE
l_blkcnt_cmp binary_integer;
l_blkcnt_uncmp binary_integer;
l_row_cmp binary_integer;
l_row_uncmp binary_integer;
l_cmp_ratio number;
SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 l_comptype_str varchar2(100);
8 BEGIN
9 dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio(
10 scratchtbsname => upper('&ScratchTBS'),
11 ownname => upper('&ownername'),
12 objname => upper('&TableName'),
13 subobjname => NULL,
14 comptype => DBMS_COMPRESSION.COMP_INMEMORY_QUERY_LOW,
15 blkcnt_cmp => l_blkcnt_cmp,
16 blkcnt_uncmp => l_blkcnt_uncmp,
17 row_cmp => l_row_cmp,
18 row_uncmp => l_row_uncmp,
19 cmp_ratio => l_cmp_ratio,
20 comptype_str => l_comptype_str
21 );
22 dbms_output.put_line('.');
23 dbms_output.put_line('OUTPUT: ');
24 dbms_output.put_line('LINEORDER '||l_comptype_str||' ratio: '||to_char(l_cmp_ratio,'99.999'));
25 end;
26 /
Enter value for scratchtbs: USERS
old 10: scratchtbsname => upper('&ScratchTBS'),
new 10: scratchtbsname => upper('USERS'),
Enter value for ownername: CHF
old 11: ownname => upper('&ownername'),
new 11: ownname => upper('CHF'),
Enter value for tablename: T_XIFENFEI
old 12: objname => upper('&TableName'),
new 12: objname => upper('T_XIFENFEI'),
.
OUTPUT:
LINEORDER "In-memory Memcompress Query Low" ratio: 2.800
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT 13631488/2.800 FROM DUAL;
13631488/2.800
--------------
4868388.57
SQL> alter table CHF.T_XIFENFEI inmemory;
Table altered.
SQL> select COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI;
COUNT(*)
----------
90923
SQL> select inmemory_size from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_XIFENFEI';
INMEMORY_SIZE
-------------
4325376
SQL> select (4868388.57-4325376)/4325376 from dual;
(4868388.57-4325376)/4325376
----------------------------
.125541125
这里使用大家在ehcc中熟悉的dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio来估算In-memory需要的大概空间,例如本测试中,创建T_XIFENFEI表占用磁盘空间为13631488byte,使用dbms_compression估算在In-memory默认的压缩比例(Query Low)情况下,大概压缩比例为2.8,也就是通过合理估算,表启用In-memory cache之后,大概需要空间为13631488/2.800=4868388.57byte,最终通过实际测试需要空间为4325376byte,整体误差为(4868388.57-4325376)/4325376=12.5%左右
因此我们在使用In-memory cache一个表之时,如果不确定其需要内存大小,可以通过dbms_compression包来估算.另外In-memory还可以配置不同的压缩级别实现不同的压缩比例,其他压缩比例请见下图
详细link请见:https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_compress.htm#ARPLS65599
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那接着就有一个问题了，如果随着数据的变化，当表的大小超过了inmemory_size设置的值得时候，表是会全部被置换出去还是部分列被置换出去？置换的算法和优先级是怎样的？