数据库打开遭遇ORA-08103故障处理

数据库启动报ORA-08103
朋友反馈,客户的一套sap历史数据系统,无备份,由于硬件故障导致,数据库启动报ORA-08103: object no longer exists错误,无法正常启动

SMON: enabling tx recovery
Mon Oct 12 09:51:56 2020
Database Characterset is UTF8
Opening with internal Resource Manager plan
where NUMA PG = 1, CPUs = 32
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started with pid=36, OS id=14942376
Mon Oct 12 09:51:58 2020
Errors in file /oracle/XFF/saptrace/usertrace/xff_ora_15204508.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 2
ORA-08103: object no longer exists
Mon Oct 12 09:51:58 2020
ORA-604 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
Mon Oct 12 09:51:58 2020
Errors in file /oracle/XFF/saptrace/background/xff_smon_8978452.trc:
ORA-08103: object no longer exists
Mon Oct 12 09:52:50 2020
Errors in file /oracle/XFF/saptrace/background/xff_reco_8781998.trc:
ORA-08103: object no longer exists
Mon Oct 12 09:52:50 2020
RECO: terminating instance due to error 8103
Instance terminated by RECO, pid = 8781998

dbv检查system文件

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由于客户这个库遭遇过硬件,不少文件中都有一些空块(zero block)
10046分析错误信息

PARSING IN CURSOR #14 len=210 dep=2 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=191031051961382 hv=864012087 ad='cabb8a10'
select /*+ rule */ bucket_cnt, row_cnt, cache_cnt, null_cnt, timestamp#, sample_size, minimum, maximum, 
distcnt, lowval, hival, density, col#, spare1, spare2, avgcln from hist_head$ where obj#=:1 and intcol#=:2
END OF STMT
PARSE #14:c=0,e=21,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=2,og=3,tim=191031051961380
BINDS #14:
kkscoacd
 Bind#0
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=110919308  bln=22  avl=02  flg=05
  value=96
 Bind#1
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=1109192d8  bln=24  avl=02  flg=05
  value=1
EXEC #14:c=0,e=128,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=2,og=3,tim=191031051961618
FETCH #14:c=0,e=40,p=1,cr=1,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=2,og=3,tim=191031051961676
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 2
ORA-08103: object no longer exists

比较明显是由于hist_head$异常导致，而且报ORA-08103错误和dbv检查system文件有一些空块错误匹配。这个错误比较简单,有几种处理方法：
1. 直接把空块标记为坏块,然后启动库
2. 在数据库启动过程跳过该sql,启动数据库,然后对这个表进行处理
该库进行恢复之后,正常打开数据库

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由于其他文件还有不少空块,在数据库进行导出的时候,还有部分表报ORA-08103和ORA-01555[含lob对象表导出]错误,对其进行特殊导出处理,实现该sap系统业务数据的整体恢复.