分类目录归档：Oracle ASM

asm disk header 彻底损坏恢复

发表于 2014 年 4 月 20 日由惜分飞

在asm 磁盘组不能mount的情况下,如果是磁盘头的少数部分损坏,或者是asm disk header存在,可以通过kfed修复,或者使用备份的磁盘头信息去恢复从而实现磁盘组mount来恢复数据库.如果没有备份也无法修复可以尝试使用amdu,dul来实现对不能mount的磁盘组进行恢复.在极端情况下(比如磁盘组完全丢失),amdu/dul都无论为力的情况下,可以考虑使用扫描磁盘找出来datafile 的方法求救数据的最后稻草.本实验大概的模拟了asm disk 前10M完全损坏的情况下数据库恢复
测试准备
创建新表空间，创建T_XIFENFEI测试表

SQL> create tablespace xifenfei datafile '+XIFENFEI' SIZE 50m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> CREATE TABLE T_XIFENFEI TABLESPACE XIFENFEI
  2  AS SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;

Table created.

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_XIFENFEI;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     50031

SQL> select ts#,rfile#,bytes/1024/1024,blocks,name from v$datafile;

       TS#     RFILE# BYTES/1024/1024     BLOCKS NAME
---------- ---------- --------------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
         0          1             480      61440 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/system.256.845260203
         1          2              25       3200 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/undotbs1.258.845260205
         2          3             250      32000 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/sysaux.257.845260203
         4          4               5        640 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/users.259.845260205
         6          5              50       6400 +XIFENFEI/asm10g/datafile/xifenfei.266.845262139

SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,STATE,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,NAME,path from  v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER STATE      TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB NAME                 PATH
------------ ----------- -------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------
           1           0 NORMAL         2048          0 XIFENFEI_0000        /dev/raw/raw1
           1           1 NORMAL          784          0 XIFENFEI_0001        /dev/raw/raw2
           1           2 NORMAL         7059          0 XIFENFEI_0002        /dev/raw/raw3

--关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

--关闭ASM
SQL> shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown

查看裸设备对应磁盘

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
/dev/raw/raw1   /dev/sdc
/dev/raw/raw2   /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw3   /dev/sdd2

dd磁盘头
dd asm disk 前面10M，彻底破坏asm disk

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=1M count=10 conv=notrunc 
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.175424 seconds, 59.8 MB/s
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw2 bs=1M count=10 conv=notrunc 
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.11584 seconds, 90.5 MB/s
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw3 bs=1M count=10 conv=notrunc 
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.353435 seconds, 29.7 MB/s

kfed查看磁盘
确定所有asm disk header完全被破坏

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw2
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw3
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

amdu查看asm 磁盘

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ amdu -diskstring '/dev/raw/raw*'
amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17/
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ cd amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17
[oracle@xifenfei amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17]$ ls
report.txt
[oracle@xifenfei amdu_2014_04_18_23_17_17]$ more report.txt 
-*-amdu-*-
…………
--------------------------------- Operations ---------------------------------

------------------------------- Disk Selection -------------------------------
 -diskstring '/dev/raw/raw*'

------------------------------ Reading Control -------------------------------

------------------------------- Output Control -------------------------------

********************************* DISCOVERY **********************************

----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0001 ------------------------------
                Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw1
           Unique Disk ID: 
               Disk Label: 
     Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
                Disk Size: 65536 megabytes
** NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER. BAD VALUE IN FIELD blksize_kfdhdb **

----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0002 ------------------------------
                Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw2
           Unique Disk ID: 
               Disk Label: 
     Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
                Disk Size: 65536 megabytes
** NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER. BAD VALUE IN FIELD blksize_kfdhdb **

----------------------------- DISK REPORT N0003 ------------------------------
                Disk Path: /dev/raw/raw3
           Unique Disk ID: 
               Disk Label: 
     Physical Sector Size: 512 bytes
                Disk Size: 65536 megabytes
** NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER. BAD VALUE IN FIELD blksize_kfdhdb **


******************************* END OF REPORT ********************************

通过这里证明，当asm disk header 损坏严重之时,amdu无法识别，更加无法恢复相关数据库

dul查看完全损坏asm disk header
测试在asm disk header完全损坏情况下,dul是否还能够实现asm磁盘组中抽取数据,同理amdu也无法正常工作.

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ ./dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.28 - Internal Only - on Sat Apr 19 04:02:02 2014
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


DUL: Warning: block 0 is not a disk header block
DUL: Error: Block is not in use
DUL: Error: Block type mismatch ( seen 0 expect 1) when parsing block 0 of disk /dev/raw/raw1

DUL: Warning: block 0 is not a disk header block
DUL: Error: Block is not in use
DUL: Error: Block type mismatch ( seen 0 expect 1) when parsing block 0 of disk /dev/raw/raw2

DUL: Warning: block 0 is not a disk header block
DUL: Error: Block is not in use
DUL: Error: Block type mismatch ( seen 0 expect 1) when parsing block 0 of disk /dev/raw/raw3

这里可以看出来,当asm disk header完全异常,dul也无法识别出来asm磁盘组(该情况下dul无法正常操作)

通过工具扫描磁盘抽取数据块

CPFL> scan disk  /dev/raw/raw1
Scanning  disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:05:11
Completed  disk /dev/raw/raw1, at 2014-04-19 04:05:56

CPFL> scan  disk  /dev/raw/raw2
Scanning  disk /dev/raw/raw2, at 2014-04-19 04:05:56
Completed  disk /dev/raw/raw2, at 2014-04-19 04:06:15

CPFL> scan  disk  /dev/raw/raw3
Scanning  disk /dev/raw/raw3, at 2014-04-19 04:06:15
Completed  disk /dev/raw/raw3, at 2014-04-19 04:07:44

CPFL> list datafiles
 Tablespace: SYSTEM    File:    1  Blocks:      61440 
 Tablespace: UNDOTBS1  File:    2  Blocks:       3200 
 Tablespace: SYSAUX    File:    3  Blocks:      32000 
 Tablespace: USERS     File:    4  Blocks:        640 
 Tablespace: XIFENFEI  File:    5  Blocks:       6400 

CPFL> copy datafile 1 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/1.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:10:35
copy datafile 1 have blocks 61440
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:11:18

CPFL> copy datafile 2  to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/2.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:11:52
copy datafile 2 have blocks 3200
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:11:54

CPFL>  copy datafile 3  to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/3.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:12:03
copy datafile 3 have blocks 32000
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:12:27

CPFL>  copy datafile 4  to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/4.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:13:07
copy datafile 4 have blocks 640
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:13:08

CPFL> copy datafile 5 to /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/5.dbf
copy datafile start: 2014-04-19 04:13:18
copy datafile 5 have blocks 6400
copy datafile completed: 2014-04-19 04:13:19

查看使用工具抽取数据文件

[oracle@xifenfei datafile]$ ls -l
total 830320
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Apr 19 04:34 1.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 Apr 19 04:34 2.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 Apr 19 04:34 3.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Apr 19 04:34 4.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  52436992 Apr 19 04:34 5.dbf

dul验证抽取文件

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ ./dul

Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.28 - Internal Only - on Sat Apr 19 06:56:09 2014
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dul.log"
Found db_id = 181793355
Found db_name = ASM10G

DUL> show datafiles;
ts# rf# start   blocks offs open  err file name
  0   1     0    61440    0    1    0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/1.dbf
  1   2     0     3200    0    1    0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/2.dbf
  2   3     0    32000    0    1    0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/3.dbf
  4   4     0      640    0    1    0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/4.dbf
  6   5     0     6400    0    1    0 /u01/oracle/oradata/datafile/5.dbf
DUL> bootstrap;
Probing file = 1, block = 377
. unloading table                BOOTSTRAP$
DUL: Warning: block number is non zero but marked deferred trying to process it anyhow
      57 rows unloaded
DUL: Warning: Dictionary cache DC_BOOTSTRAP is empty
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded
Parsing Bootstrap$ contents
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 10
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 121
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1  block 25
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1  block 25
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1  block 89
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table                      OBJ$   51171 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      TAB$    1576 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      COL$   55264 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     USER$      59 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 59 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 51171 entries loaded and sorted 51171 entries
Reading TAB.dat 1576 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 55264 entries loaded and sorted 55264 entries
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded

DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 10
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 121
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1  block 25
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1  block 25
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1  block 89
 TABPART$: segobjno 266, file 1 block 2121
 INDPART$: segobjno 271, file 1 block 2161
 TABCOMPART$: segobjno 288, file 1 block 2297
 INDCOMPART$: segobjno 293, file 1 block 2345
 TABSUBPART$: segobjno 278, file 1 block 2217
 INDSUBPART$: segobjno 283, file 1 block 2257
 IND$: segobjno 2, tabno 3, file 1  block 25
 ICOL$: segobjno 2, tabno 4, file 1  block 25
 LOB$: segobjno 2, tabno 6, file 1  block 25
 COLTYPE$: segobjno 2, tabno 7, file 1  block 25
 TYPE$: segobjno 181, tabno 1, file 1  block 1297
 COLLECTION$: segobjno 181, tabno 2, file 1  block 1297
 ATTRIBUTE$: segobjno 181, tabno 3, file 1  block 1297
 LOBFRAG$: segobjno 299, file 1 block 2393
 LOBCOMPPART$: segobjno 302, file 1 block 2425
 UNDO$: segobjno 15, file 1 block 105
 TS$: segobjno 6, tabno 2, file 1  block 57
 PROPS$: segobjno 96, file 1 block 721
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table                      OBJ$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "OBJ.ctl"
   51171 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      TAB$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "TAB.ctl"
    1576 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      COL$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COL.ctl"
   55264 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     USER$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "USER.ctl"
      59 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  TABPART$      72 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  INDPART$      80 rows unloaded
. unloading table               TABCOMPART$       0 rows unloaded
. unloading table               INDCOMPART$       0 rows unloaded
. unloading table               TABSUBPART$       0 rows unloaded
. unloading table               INDSUBPART$       0 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      IND$    2231 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     ICOL$    3650 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      LOB$     530 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  COLTYPE$    1701 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     TYPE$    1945 rows unloaded
. unloading table               COLLECTION$     555 rows unloaded
. unloading table                ATTRIBUTE$    7275 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  LOBFRAG$       1 row  unloaded
. unloading table              LOBCOMPPART$       0 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     UNDO$      21 rows unloaded
. unloading table                       TS$       7 rows unloaded
. unloading table                    PROPS$      28 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 59 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 51171 entries loaded and sorted 51171 entries
Reading TAB.dat 1576 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 55264 entries loaded and sorted 55264 entries
Reading TABPART.dat 72 entries loaded and sorted 72 entries
Reading TABCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading TABSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading INDPART.dat 80 entries loaded and sorted 80 entries
Reading INDCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading INDSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading IND.dat 2231 entries loaded
Reading LOB.dat 530 entries loaded
Reading ICOL.dat 3650 entries loaded
Reading COLTYPE.dat 1701 entries loaded
Reading TYPE.dat 1945 entries loaded
Reading ATTRIBUTE.dat 7275 entries loaded
Reading COLLECTION.dat 555 entries loaded
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded
Reading LOBFRAG.dat 1 entries loaded and sorted 1 entries
Reading LOBCOMPPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading UNDO.dat 21 entries loaded
Reading TS.dat 7 entries loaded
Reading PROPS.dat 28 entries loaded
Database character set is ZHS16GBK
Database national character set is AL16UTF16
DUL> unload table sys.t_xifenfei;
. unloading table                T_XIFENFEI   50031 rows unloaded

通过这里可以发现,我们创建测试数据为50031条,dul读取抽取出来数据文件中对应表数据条数也为50031条;证明:在asm disk header完全损坏情况下,amdu,dul无法直接恢复asm里面数据库，但是可以通过工具扫描数据文件，找出来磁盘中的datafile block实现完整恢复数据[只要你的asm中的数据没有覆盖,都可以通过该方法恢复]

如果你在使用这些思路进行恢复遇到突发情况不能自行解决,请联系我们(ORACLE数据库恢复技术支持),将为您提供专业数据库技术支持：
Phone:17813235971 Q Q:107644445 E-Mail:dba@xifenfei.com

发表在 Oracle ASM, 非常规恢复 | 标签为 asm disk header恢复, asm不能mount, asm异常恢复, asm恢复, NOT A VALID ASM DISK HEADER | 2 条评论

ORACLE 12C ASM 新特性：共享密码文件

发表于 2013 年 6 月 10 日由惜分飞

在ORACLE 12C之前大家都知道密码文件是存放在?/dbs或者?/database中,如果要修改修改sysdba权限的用户密码时候,会去修改密码文件,而在rac数据库的sys密码文件是存在各个节点中,这个时候修改sysdba权限的密码就需要在两个节点都要做同样的操作,而对于数据库来说本身是只要在一个节点上修改即可,因为密码是记录在user$中,就是因为密码文件非共享且在各个节点中都有,因此需要在各个节点均要执行修改密码命令,确保密码文件被正常修改。因为rac 密码文件非共享的机制存在,导致修改sysdba权限密码繁琐,有些时候甚至有节点忘记修改,导致需要使用密码文件操作数据库的时候不能正常进行,DG传输日志异常等故障。在ORACLE 12C中为了解决这个问题,引入了密码文件可以存入ASM新特性,从而使得密码文件存储在ASM中实现所有节点共享,从而解决该问题.
ASM存储密码文件前提条件 COMPATIBLE.ASM>= 12.1
查询ASM信息

SQL>  select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

SQL> select NAME,COMPATIBILITY from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                           COMPATIBILITY
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
DATA                           12.1.0.0.0

查询crs中关于db配置

[grid@xifenfei ~]$  srvctl config database -d cdb
Database unique name: cdb
Database name: cdb
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/cdb/spfilecdb.ora
Password file: 
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: MANUAL
Database instance: cdb
Disk Groups: DATA
Services:

这里db的password file为空,即表示使用默认值,也就是为$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwxifenfei

创建密码文件存储在ASM中

--创建db新密码文件
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ orapwd file='+data/CDB/orapwdxifenfei' dbuniquename='cdb'

Enter password for SYS: 
----输入sys用户密码

--创建asm新密码文件
orapwd file='+data/ASM/orapwasm' asm=y
----asm=y 表示创建的密码文件为asm的


--使用老密码文件创建db/asm新密码文件
orapwd input_file='/oraclegrid/dbs/orapwasm' file='+data/ASM/orapwasm' [asm=y]
----input_file 表示使用老的密码文件创建新的存储在ASM中的密码文件

查看ASM中密码文件

ASMCMD> showversion
ASM version         : 12.1.0.1.0
ASMCMD> pwd
+data/cdb
ASMCMD>  ls -l orapwdxifenfei
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
PASSWORD  UNPROT  COARSE   MAY 31 19:00:00  N    orapwdxifenfei => +DATA/CDB/PASSWORD/pwdcdb.290.816897265

配置crs中password file项

[grid@xifenfei ~]$ srvctl modify database -db cdb -pwfile  +data/CDB/orapwdxifenfei

查询crs中关于db配置

[grid@xifenfei ~]$  srvctl config database -d cdb
Database unique name: cdb
Database name: cdb
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/cdb/spfilecdb.ora
Password file: +data/CDB/orapwdxifenfei
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: MANUAL
Database instance: cdb
Disk Groups: DATA
Services:

至此数据库启动使用密码ASM中的密码文件完成,补充说明,该方式配置在ASM中的密码文件,只能是通过crs方式启动db才会生效,如果手工使用sqlplus启动数据库不会使用该密码文件,还是使用默认密码文件。这里也就提醒大家操作规范:在RAC环境(包含单节点的GI环境)中,对数据库的启动关闭操作强烈建议使用crs相关命令来完成,而不推荐使用sqlplus命令

发表在 ORACLE 12C, Oracle ASM | 标签为共享密码文件 | 评论关闭

监控asm disk磁盘性能

发表于 2013 年 5 月 10 日由惜分飞

使用ASM的朋友估计都有一个困惑,ASM就是一个黑盒子,怎么才能够做到类似如裸设备或者文件系统一样,通过系统的命令(iostat)来监控其磁盘IO的运行性能.其实ORACLE在设计ASM的过程中,也就考虑到了这个需求,把磁盘相关的情况都记录到了ASM相关视图中v$asm_disk和v$asm_disk_stat(这两个视图功能相同,只是查询v$asm_disk需要每次访问磁盘头获取数据,v$asm_disk_stat是磁盘头存储在内存中的数据,查询v$asm_disk_stat对磁盘影响非常小),所以我们可以通过查询v$asm_disk_stat中的数据,然后做减法就可以获得asm disk某个时间段的磁盘io性能情况.ORACLE提供了相关工具叫做asmiostat用来监控,具体可以参考ASMIOSTAT Script to collect iostats for ASM disks [ID 437996.1]

确保TIMED_STATISTICS=TRUE
虽然是默认值,多检查无错,因为到该值为false之时READ_TIME/WRITE_TIME为0

[grid@xifenfei tmp]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Feb 1 08:29:01 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL> show parameter TIMED_STATISTICS

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
timed_statistics                     boolean     TRUE

asmiostat使用

[grid@xifenfei tmp]$ ./asmiostat.sh help=y
Invalid parameter: <interval> must be > 0; <count> must be >= 0

./asmiostat.sh [-s ASM ORACLE_SID] [-h ASM ORACLE_HOME] [-g diskgroup] [<interval>] [<count>]

Output:
  DiskPath - Path to ASM disk
  DiskName - ASM disk name
  Gr       - ASM disk group number
  Dsk      - ASM disk number
  Reads    - Reads 
  Writes   - Writes 
  AvRdTm   - Average read time (in msec)
  AvWrTm   - Average write time (in msec)
  KBRd     - Kilobytes read
  KBWr     - Kilobytes written
  AvRdSz   - Average read size (in bytes)
  AvWrSz   - Average write size (in bytes)
  RdEr     - Read errors
  WrEr     - Write errors

相关值说明

  DiskPath - Path to ASM disk
  DiskName - ASM disk name
  Gr       - ASM disk group number
  Dsk      - ASM disk number
  Reads    - 指定时间内I/O读请求次数 
  Writes   - 指定时间内I/O写请求次数  
  AvRdTm   - 平均每次I/O读请求所需时间 (in msec)
  AvWrTm   - 平均每次I/O写请求所需时间 (in msec)
  KBRd     - 指定时间内读操作的量(KB)
  KBWr     - 指定时间内写操作的量(KB)
  AvRdSz   - 平均每次I/O读请求得到的数据量(B)
  AvWrSz   - 平均每次I/O写请求得到的数据量(B)
  RdEr     - 指定时间内I/O读请求错误次数
  WrEr     - 指定时间内I/O写请求错误次数

asmiostat效果展示

[grid@xifenfei tmp]$ ./asmiostat.sh -s $ORACLE_SID -h $ORACLE_HOME -g DATA 1 3

Date: Fri Feb  1 08:31:45 CST 2013    Interval: 1 secs    Disk Group: DATA

DiskPath - DiskName                      Gr Dsk    Reads   Writes AvRdTm AvWrTm     KBRd     KBWr  AvRdSz  AvWrSz RdEr WrEr
/dev/sdb - DATA_0000                      1   0        0        0    0.0    0.0        0        0       0       0    0    0

Date: Fri Feb  1 08:31:47 CST 2013    Interval: 1 secs    Disk Group: DATA

DiskPath - DiskName                      Gr Dsk    Reads   Writes AvRdTm AvWrTm     KBRd     KBWr  AvRdSz  AvWrSz RdEr WrEr
/dev/sdb - DATA_0000                      1   0        4        3    0.6 1006.1        0        0       0       0    0    0

Date: Fri Feb  1 08:31:49 CST 2013    Interval: 1 secs    Disk Group: DATA

DiskPath - DiskName                      Gr Dsk    Reads   Writes AvRdTm AvWrTm     KBRd     KBWr  AvRdSz  AvWrSz RdEr WrEr
/dev/sdb - DATA_0000                      1   0        8        2    1.3    1.5        0        0       0       0    0    0

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