分类目录归档：Oracle

Oracle 23ai True Cache搭建和基本测试

发表于 2024 年 8 月 2 日 由 惜分飞

oracle 23ai推出的True Cache功能,提供一种比较完美的支持Oracle数据库语法,配合Oracle数据库使用的一种cache解决方案,配置也相对比较简单
主库和True Cache库说明
主库IP:192.168.222.8/主机名:xifenfei/db_unique_name:ora23ai/tns:ora23ai/sid:ora23ai
True Cache库IP:192.168.222.18/主机名:xifenfeidg/db_unique_name:ora23ai_tc/tns:ora23aitc/sid:ora23ai
主库参数文件

*.compatible='23.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='ora23ai'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=14742m
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ora23aiXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
*.local_listener='listener_ora23ai'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=ora23ai'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=764m
*.processes=320
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=2292m
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

True Cache库参数文件

*.true_cache=true
*.db_name=ora23ai
*.db_unique_name=ora23ai_tc
*.compatible='23.0.0'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
*.local_listener=listener_ora23aitc
*.remote_listener=listener_ora23ai
*.sga_target=2292m
*._exadata_feature_on=true
*.fal_server=ora23ai
*.fal_client=ora23aitc
*.db_create_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI

主库和True Cache库tnsnames.ora配置

ora23ai =
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.222.8)(PORT = 1521))
 (CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVER = DEDICATED)
 (SERVICE_NAME = ora23ai)
 )
 )


ora23aitc =
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.222.18)(PORT = 1521))
 (CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVER = DEDICATED)
 (SERVICE_NAME = ora23ai_tc)
 )
 )


listener_ora23ai=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.222.8)(PORT=1521)))
listener_ora23aitc=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.222.18)(PORT=1521)))

拷贝主库密码文件到True Cache库

[oracle@xifenfeidg dbs]$ ls -l orapwora23ai
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug  2 19:59 orapwora23ai

主库启动归档模式,并开启force logging

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems on Wed Jul 31 05:24:29 2024
Version 23.5.0.24.07

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Enterprise Edition Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems
Version 23.5.0.24.07

SQL>  archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     3
Current log sequence           2
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2413360688 bytes
Fixed Size                  5363248 bytes
Variable Size             553648128 bytes
Database Buffers         1845493760 bytes
Redo Buffers                8855552 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

True Cache库启动到nomount

[oracle@xifenfeidg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems on Fri Aug 2 19:57:16 2024
Version 23.5.0.24.07

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/pfile';
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2404873776 bytes
Fixed Size                  5363248 bytes
Variable Size             536870912 bytes
Database Buffers         1862270976 bytes
Redo Buffers                 368640 bytes

SQL> SELECT file_name FROM v$passwordfile_info;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/product/23ai/db_1/dbs/orapwora23ai

启动True Cache

SQL> CREATE TRUE CACHE;

True Cache created.

SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE                    OPEN_MODE
-------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
TRUE CACHE                       READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

no rows selected

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/ORA23AI_TC/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_mbslm3p3_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/ORA23AI_TC/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_mbslm3x2_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/ORA23AI_TC/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_mbslm4bp_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/ORA23AI_TC/onlinelog/o1_mf_4_mbslm4tp_.log

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/S_TEMP_##TC##_ora23ai#tc_8192_1_3_201_1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/S_TEMP_##TC##_ora23ai#tc_8192_1_6_202_1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/S_TEMP_##TC##_ora23ai#tc_8192_2_3_203_1

SQL> select count(1) from obj$;

  COUNT(1)
----------
     70866

启动True Cache时主库alert日志提示
自动增加log_archive_dest_n记录,传输数据到True Cache库

2024-08-02T20:00:37.340496+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER' SCOPE=MEMORY SID='ora23ai';
2024-08-02T20:00:37.341412+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_2='service=','"ora23aitc"','LGWR ASYNC NET_TIMEOUT=30 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE)
   DB_UNIQUE_NAME="ora23ai_tc" REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=20 ROLE="TRUE_CACHE"' SCOPE=MEMORY SID='ora23ai';
2024-08-02T20:00:37.356979+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' SCOPE=MEMORY SID='ora23ai';
2024-08-02T20:00:38.734646+08:00
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 9 (LGWR switch),  current SCN: 4168136
  Current log# 3 seq# 9 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/redo03.log
2024-08-02T20:00:38.801849+08:00
ARC1 (PID:7534): Archived Log entry 6 added for B-1175412482.T-1.S-8 LOS:0x00000000003f839e NXS:0x00000000003f99c8 NAB:21445 ID 0x8fe90542 LAD:1 [krse.c:4872]
2024-08-02T20:00:39.456381+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' SCOPE=MEMORY SID='ora23ai';
2024-08-02T20:00:43.431813+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.431713+08:00
[kradcm.c:1217] kradcm_start_dsndr_from_primary: True Cache: RCVR primary data request receiver process (rmi PID:7854)
    for True Cache DGID:1938295904 started for DEST_ID:2 by FCH (PID:9392)
2024-08-02T20:00:43.448189+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.448096+08:00
[kradcm.c:2906] kradcm_dsndr_main: True Cache: DSNDR primary data block sender process (TT04 PID:7856) for True Cache DGID:1938295904 started for DEST_ID:2
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.450891+08:00
[kradcm.c:406] kradcm_connect_to_adc: True Cache DSNDR (PID:7856): Establishing connection to True Cache DGID:1938295904 CONNECTION:ora23aitc
2024-08-02T20:00:43.457328+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.457236+08:00
[kradcm.c:2906] kradcm_dsndr_main: True Cache: DSNDR primary data block sender process (TT06 PID:7858) for True Cache DGID:1938295904 started for DEST_ID:2
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.460061+08:00
[kradcm.c:406] kradcm_connect_to_adc: True Cache DSNDR (PID:7858): Establishing connection to True Cache DGID:1938295904 CONNECTION:ora23aitc
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.478444+08:00
[kradcm.c:483] kradcm_connect_to_adc: True Cache DSNDR (PID:7856): Successfully connected to True Cache DGID:1938295904 CONNECTION:ora23aitc
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.480139+08:00
[kradcm.c:3025] kradcm_dsndr_main: True Cache: DTS data block receiver process started on True Cache DGID:1938295904 PID:9396
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.484350+08:00
[kradcm.c:483] kradcm_connect_to_adc: True Cache DSNDR (PID:7858): Successfully connected to True Cache DGID:1938295904 CONNECTION:ora23aitc
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.485593+08:00
[kradcm.c:3025] kradcm_dsndr_main: True Cache: DTS data block receiver process started on True Cache DGID:1938295904 PID:9398

True Cache库alert日志信息
1.自动创建standby redo
2.自动创建tempfile
3.启动库到只读状态（非标准dg的只读）
4.启动日志同步(非标准dg的mrp同步)

2024-08-02T20:00:33.507464+08:00
CREATE TRUE CACHE
--ATTENTION--
Default temporary tablespace will be necessary for a locally managed database in future release.
--ATTENTION--
Default temporary tablespace will be necessary for a locally managed database in future release.
2024-08-02T20:00:35.688251+08:00
Control File SGA cache allocated 8388608 bytes.
        Address           : 0x6e03afb8
        Number of buckets : 256
        Number of pools   : 8
        Number of buffers : 1024
        Block size        : 8192
        Trace flags       : 0x0
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:35.702201+08:00
[kcvfdb.c:9694] kcfcmb: True Cache mounted.
Expanded controlfile section 32 from 31 to 128 records
Requested to grow by 97 records; added 5 blocks of records
2024-08-02T20:00:35.703624+08:00
.... (PID:9313): WARNING: STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter is [kcrr.c:2568]
not set to the value "AUTO".
This may cause recovery of the standby database to terminate
prior to applying all available redo data.
It may be necessary to use the ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE
command to add datafiles created on the primary database.
Lost write protection mode set to "auto"
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 1 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
Completed: ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 1 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 2 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
Completed: ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 2 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 3 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
2024-08-02T20:00:36.854038+08:00
Completed: ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 3 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 4 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
Completed: ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 GROUP 4 SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
alter database open
True Cache opening with primary at ora23ai.
Checkpoint for True Cache starts at scn 0x00000000003f99c4 Thread 1 RBA 0x000008.000053c5.0010
2024-08-02T20:00:37.334840+08:00
.... (PID:9313): Enable RFS client   [krsr.c:20527]
2024-08-02T20:00:37.335043+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(ora23ai)' SCOPE=MEMORY;
2024-08-02T20:00:37.335498+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='' SCOPE=MEMORY;
2024-08-02T20:00:37.335878+08:00
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='location="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI" mandatory VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)' SCOPE=MEMORY;
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:37.342697+08:00
[kcv.c:24912] kcvcrv_adc: New DB SCN 0x00000000003f99c3
.... (PID:9313): Starting Managed Recovery process for Physical Standby [krsm.c:1581]
2024-08-02T20:00:37.381794+08:00
.... (PID:9354): Background Managed Recovery process started [krsm.c:1986]
2024-08-02T20:00:39.457787+08:00
 rfs (PID:9369): krsr_rfs_atc: Identified database type as 'TRUE CACHE': Client is Foreground (PID:7528) [krsr.c:5976]
 rfs (PID:9369): Disable RFS client RFS LogMiner Client [kcrlc.c:1531]
2024-08-02T20:00:39.463332+08:00
 rfs (PID:9373): krsr_rfs_atc: Identified database type as 'TRUE CACHE': Client is ASYNC (PID:7841) [krsr.c:5976]
2024-08-02T20:00:39.467452+08:00
 rfs (PID:9373): Opened LNO:1 for DBID:2414386242 B-1175412482.T-1.S-8.C-0 [krsr.c:19076]
2024-08-02T20:00:39.868908+08:00
 rfs (PID:9377): krsr_rfs_atc: Identified database type as 'TRUE CACHE': Client is ASYNC (PID:7839) [krsr.c:5976]
2024-08-02T20:00:39.872888+08:00
 rfs (PID:9377): Opened LNO:2 for DBID:2414386242 B-1175412482.T-1.S-9.C-0 [krsr.c:19076]
2024-08-02T20:00:42.405225+08:00
 Started logmerger process
2024-08-02T20:00:42.417728+08:00
PR00 (PID:9380): Managed Recovery starting Real Time Apply [krsm.c:15931]
2024-08-02T20:00:42.463844+08:00
Parallel Media Recovery started with 4 slaves
2024-08-02T20:00:42.510016+08:00
Recovery of Standby Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/ORA23AI_TC/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_mbslm3p3_.log
2024-08-02T20:00:42.562877+08:00
Recovery of Standby Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 9 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA23AI/ORA23AI_TC/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_mbslm3x2_.log
2024-08-02T20:00:43.401465+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.401345+08:00
[kradcm.c:2391] kradcm_fch_main: True Cache: FCH data request sender process (TT02 PID:9392) started
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.403321+08:00
[kradcm.c:583] kradcm_fch_connect_primary: FCH (PID:9392): trying to establish connection to primary ora23ai
2024-08-02T20:00:43.414087+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.413868+08:00
[kradcm.c:2376] kradcm_fch_main: FCH process already started. Ignoring request.
[kradcm.c:626] kradcm_fch_connect_primary: FCH (PID:9392) connection established to primary ora23ai
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.428869+08:00
[kradcm.c:3279] kradcm_start_dsndr_from_adc: FCH (PID:9392): Message primary DGID:817860583 to start DSNDR for True Cache DGID:1938295904
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.432861+08:00
[kradcm.c:3356] kradcm_start_dsndr_from_adc: True Cache: DSNDR process successfully started in primary DGID:817860583 by RCVR PID:7854, initiated by FCH (PID:9392)
2024-08-02T20:00:43.479008+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.478916+08:00
[kradcm.c:1018] kradcm_callback: True Cache: DTS data block receiver process (rmi PID:9396) started for primary DGID:817860583 DSNDR PID:7856
2024-08-02T20:00:43.484358+08:00
*** 2024-08-02T20:00:43.484260+08:00
[kradcm.c:1018] kradcm_callback: True Cache: DTS data block receiver process (rmi PID:9398) started for primary DGID:817860583 DSNDR PID:7858
2024-08-02T20:00:44.152726+08:00
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
No Resource Manager plan active
Physical standby database opened for read only access.
Completed: alter database open
Completed: CREATE TRUE CACHE

True Cache 同步测试

--主库创建用户和表
SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 XIFENFEI                       MOUNTED
SQL> alter session set container=xifenfei;

Session altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> create user xff identified by oracle;

User created.

SQL> grant dba to xff;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> create table xff.t_xff as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> select count(1) from xff.t_xff;

  COUNT(1)
----------
     70656

--True Cache库查询结果
SQL> alter session set container=xifenfei;

Session altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         3 XIFENFEI                       READ ONLY  NO
SQL> select count(1) from xff.t_xff;

  COUNT(1)
----------
     70656

True Cache DML重定向测试

---True Cache库
SQL> conn xff/oracle@192.168.222.18/xifenfei   
Connected.
SQL> select database_role from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE
--------------------------------
TRUE CACHE

SQL> alter session enable ADG_REDIRECT_DML;

Session altered.

SQL> delete from t_xff;

70656 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(1) from t_xff;

  COUNT(1)
----------
         0

--主库
SQL> conn xff/oracle@192.168.222.8/xifenfei
Connected.
SQL> select count(1) from t_xff;

  COUNT(1)
----------
         0

True Cache库操作临时表

[oracle@xifenfeidg ~]$ sqlplus xff/oracle@192.168.222.18/xifenfei   

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems on Fri Aug 2 20:47:43 2024
Version 23.5.0.24.07

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Enterprise Edition Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems
Version 23.5.0.24.07

SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE                    OPEN_MODE
-------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
TRUE CACHE                       READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SQL> create global temporary table t_temp as
  2  select * from t_xff;

Table created.

SQL> select count(1) from t_temp;

  COUNT(1)
----------
         0

SQL> insert into t_temp select * from dba_objects;

70663 rows created.
发表在 Oracle 23ai | 标签为 | 评论关闭

Oracle 支持GB18030-2022

发表于 2024 年 8 月 1 日 由 惜分飞

GB18030 是中国政府标准,定义了在中国软件所需的语言和字符集支持. 它是一种与 ISO 10646/Unicode 相匹配的 Unicode 转换格式,并提供涵盖所有 Unicode 的字符库.它最初于 2000 年发布 (GB18030-2000),随后在 2005 年 (GB18030-2005) 和 2022 年 (GB18030-2022) 发布了两次更新.GB18030-2022 在字符覆盖方面的内容等同于Unicode Version 11.0. GB18030-2022 标准的生效日期为 2023 年 8 月 1 日.Oracle 数据库通过 AL32UTF8 Unicode 数据库字符集支持 GB18030 字符的存储.同时还提供客户端专用字符集 ZHS32GB18030,使应用程序可以在客户端处理 GB18030 编码文本的输入/输出,并根据需要进行字符集转换. 截至 2023 年 3 月,现有 Oracle 数据库版本中 ZHS32GB18030 的实施是基于 GB18030-2005.
Oracle Database 23ai 版本中已实现对最新 GB18030-2022 标准的支持.具体来说,Oracle Database 23ai 支持 GB18030-2022 标准的级别 3 的实现,这是 GB18030 最广泛的支持级别. 与此同时,我们还为现有客户在 Oracle Database 19c 各 RU 版本之上通过的一次性补丁来支持 GB18030-2022.Oracle Database 19c 如果要支持 GB18030-2022 需要下载补丁 (#34994751).它可以应用于 Oracle 19c RU 版本 19.3 或更高版本.它需要应用于数据库服务器和客户端. 此补丁仅启用对 Oracle 数据库的 GB18030-2022 支持. 为了使应用程序完全支持 GB18030-2022,应用程序堆栈中的每个组件都需要能够确保处理 GB18030-2022 中的字符.
ZHS32GB18030字符集是仅限客户端的字符集,因此不支持将 ZHS32GB18030 用作NLS_CHARACTERSET.如果您的数据库使用ZHS32GB18030作为NLS_CHARACTERSET,那么强烈建议您尽快迁移到 AL32UTF8.
GB18030编码定义了完整的 Unicode 映射,这意味着如果在 GB18030客户端上使用设置为ZHS32GB18030的NLS_LANG并使用 AL32UTF8（或 UTF8）NLS_CHARACTERSET数据将相互转换和从 AL32UTF8 转换为 并完全保留.在使用非 Unicode GB18030编码和设置为 ZHS32GB18030 的 NLS_LANG 的 GB18030客户端上插入 GB18030数据时,Oracle 会将非 Unicode GB18030代码转换为AL32UTF8代码,并将其作为 AL32UTF8 代码存储在数据库中.在使用非 Unicode GB18030编码和设置为 ZHS32GB18030 的 NLS_LANG 的 GB18030客户端上选择 GB18030-2000 数据时,Oracle 会将 GB18030数据从 AL32UTF8 代码转换为非 Unicode GB18030代码提供给客户端,因此,如果此客户端使用非 Unicode GB18030代码,则数据库端的存储AL32UTF8对客户端完全透明.
通过以下sql验证你的数据库是否支持GB18030-2022
以下结果表示支持GB18030-2022

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems on Thu Aug 1 21:02:36 2024
Version 23.5.0.24.07

Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Enterprise Edition Release 23.0.0.0.0 - for Oracle Cloud and Engineered Systems
Version 23.5.0.24.07

SQL> SELECT DUMP(CONVERT(UNISTR('\FE10\FFFD\E78D'), 'ZHS32GB18030', 'AL16UTF16'), 16) FROM DUAL;

DUMP(CONVERT(UNISTR('\FE10\FFFD\E78D'),'ZHS32GB18030','AL16UTF16'),16)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=1 Len=10: a6,d9,84,31,a4,37,84,31,82,36

以下结果不表示支持GB18030-2022

[oracle@iZbp11c0qyuuo1gr7j98upZ ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 1 20:46:12 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> SELECT DUMP(CONVERT(UNISTR('\FE10\FFFD\E78D'), 'ZHS32GB18030', 'AL16UTF16'), 16) FROM DUAL;

DUMP(CONVERT(UNISTR('\FE10\FFFD\E78D
------------------------------------
Typ=1 Len=8: 84,31,82,36,a3,bf,a6,d9

参考文档:Oracle 数据库 GB18030-2022 支持方针 (Doc ID 2937409.1)

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手工对multipath设备进行授权导致asm 磁盘组mount报ORA-15032-ORA-15131

发表于 2024 年 7 月 31 日 由 惜分飞

客户硬件通过底层重组raid,然后把lun进行到asm的机器上,在mount data_dg磁盘组的时候,报ORA-15032 ORA-15131错误,磁盘组无法正常mount,这种报错不太常见,一般要不直接报某个block无法访问,要不直接报缺少asm disk之类的.
ORA-15131

通过远程上去分析,发现alert日志如下

Wed Jul 31 04:55:17 2024
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 1
NOTE: cache recovered group 1 to fcn 0.1814063801
NOTE: redo buffer size is 256 blocks (1053184 bytes)
Wed Jul 31 04:55:17 2024
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATA_DG)
Errors in file /oracle/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_lgwr_8681.trc:
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /oracle/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_lgwr_8681.trc:
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 3
WARNING: cache failed reading from group=1(DATA_DG) fn=1 blk=3 count=1 from disk= 0 
  (DATA_DG_0000) kfkist=0x20 status=0x02 osderr=0x0 file=kfc.c line=11596
Errors in file /oracle/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_lgwr_8681.trc:
ORA-15025: could not open disk "/dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new"
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 3
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
ERROR: cache failed to read group=1(DATA_DG) fn=1 blk=3 from disk(s): 0(DATA_DG_0000)
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
NOTE: cache initiating offline of disk 0 group DATA_DG
NOTE: process _lgwr_+asm2 (8681) initiating offline of disk 0.3915927124 (DATA_DG_0000) with mask 0x7e in group 1
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1, dsk = 0/0xe9684e54, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 1 at 42 for pid 15, osid 8681
ERROR: Disk 0 cannot be offlined, since diskgroup has external redundancy.
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 1)
WARNING: Offline for disk DATA_DG_0000 in mode 0x7f failed.
Wed Jul 31 04:55:17 2024
NOTE: halting all I/Os to diskgroup 1 (DATA_DG)
NOTE: LGWR caught ORA-15131 while mounting diskgroup 1
ORA-15080: synchronous I/O operation to a disk failed
NOTE: cache initiating offline of disk 0 group DATA_DG
NOTE: process _lgwr_+asm2 (8681) initiating offline of disk 0.3915927124 (DATA_DG_0000) with mask 0x7e in group 1
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1, dsk = 0/0xe9684e54, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 1 at 42 for pid 15, osid 8681
ERROR: Disk 0 cannot be offlined, since diskgroup has external redundancy.
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 1)
WARNING: Offline for disk DATA_DG_0000 in mode 0x7f failed.
Wed Jul 31 04:55:17 2024
NOTE: halting all I/Os to diskgroup 1 (DATA_DG)
NOTE: LGWR caught ORA-15131 while mounting diskgroup 1
ERROR: ORA-15131 signalled during mount of diskgroup DATA_DG
NOTE: cache dismounting (clean) group 1/0xA868BD55 (DATA_DG)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 16915, image: oracle@xffdb2 (TNS V1-V3)
NOTE: lgwr not being msg'd to dismount
Wed Jul 31 04:55:18 2024
List of instances:
 2
Dirty detach reconfiguration started (new ddet inc 1, cluster inc 9)
 Global Resource Directory partially frozen for dirty detach
* dirty detach - domain 1 invalid = TRUE
 2 GCS resources traversed, 0 cancelled
Dirty Detach Reconfiguration complete
freeing rdom 1
WARNING: dirty detached from domain 1
WARNING: thread recovery enqueue was not held for domain 1 when doing a dirty detach
NOTE: cache dismounted group 1/0xA868BD55 (DATA_DG)
NOTE: cache ending mount (fail) of group DATA_DG number=1 incarn=0xa868bd55
NOTE: cache deleting context for group DATA_DG 1/0xa868bd55
GMON dismounting group 1 at 43 for pid 29, osid 16915
NOTE: Disk DATA_DG_0000 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
NOTE: Disk DATA_DG_0001 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
NOTE: Disk DATA_DG_0002 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
NOTE: Disk DATA_DG_0003 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
NOTE: Disk DATA_DG_0004 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
NOTE: Disk DATA_DG_0005 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
ERROR: diskgroup DATA_DG was not mounted
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15131: block  of file  in diskgroup  could not be read
ERROR: alter diskgroup data_dg mount

基本上可以确认是由于访问/dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new 磁盘权限不对导致读disk= 0 fn=1 blk=3失败(突然读这个block没有权限,而没有报最初的磁盘头无权限,有点不合常理),进一步分析确认是xffdb_data01_new 权限不对.

xffdb2:/oracle/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace$ls -l /dev/mapper/
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 root root 10, 58 Jul 26 12:24 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:21 mpathe -> ../dm-17
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:28 mpathf -> ../dm-7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data01_new -> ../dm-14
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data02_new -> ../dm-13
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data03 -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data04 -> ../dm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data05_new -> ../dm-12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data06 -> ../dm-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:28 xffdb_data07 -> ../dm-11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:28 xffdb_data08 -> ../dm-9
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_log1 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_log2 -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_vote2 -> ../dm-8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_vote3 -> ../dm-10
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 26 12:24 vgdata-lv_data -> ../dm-15
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 26 12:24 vg_xffdb2-LogVol00 -> ../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 26 12:24 vg_xffdb2-LogVol01 -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 26 12:24 vg_xffdb2-LogVol02 -> ../dm-16
xffdb2:/oracle/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace$ls -l /dev/dm*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  0 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  1 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 10 Jul 31 05:13 /dev/dm-10
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 11 Jul 31 04:28 /dev/dm-11
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 12 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-12
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 13 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-13
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 14 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-14
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 15 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-15
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 16 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-16
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 17 Jul 31 04:21 /dev/dm-17
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  2 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  3 Jul 31 04:59 /dev/dm-3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  4 Jul 31 05:13 /dev/dm-4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  5 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  6 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-6
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  7 Jul 31 04:28 /dev/dm-7
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  8 Jul 31 05:13 /dev/dm-8
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  9 Jul 31 04:28 /dev/dm-9

再进一步确认xffdb_*_new三个磁盘是硬件恢复之后镜像过来的,然后现场工程师直接人工修改/dev/dm_[12-14]权限,再尝试mount磁盘组,结果发生该错误,通过v$asm_disk再次查询asm disk情况,发现xffdb_*_new的磁盘均不在列表中

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER HEADER_STATUS         STATE          PATH
------------ ----------- --------------------- -------------- --------------------------
           0           2 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_data03
           0           3 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_data06
           0           4 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_data04
           3           1 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_vote2
           2           0 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_log1
           3           2 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_vote3
           2           1 MEMBER                NORMAL         /dev/mapper/xffdb_log2

7 rows selected.

进一步查看磁盘权限

xffdb2:/dev/mapper$ls -ltr
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 root root 10, 58 Jul 26 12:24 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 26 12:24 vg_xffdb2-LogVol01 -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 26 12:24 vgdata-lv_data -> ../dm-15
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 26 12:24 vg_xffdb2-LogVol00 -> ../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 26 12:24 vg_xffdb2-LogVol02 -> ../dm-16
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:21 mpathe -> ../dm-17
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:28 xffdb_data08 -> ../dm-9
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:28 xffdb_data07 -> ../dm-11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:28 mpathf -> ../dm-7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:55 xffdb_data05_new -> ../dm-12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_vote3 -> ../dm-10
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_vote2 -> ../dm-8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_log2 -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 04:59 xffdb_log1 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:15 xffdb_data01_new -> ../dm-14
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:15 xffdb_data02_new -> ../dm-13
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:15 xffdb_data06 -> ../dm-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:15 xffdb_data04 -> ../dm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:15 xffdb_data03 -> ../dm-2
xffdb2:/dev/mapper$ls -l /dev/dm*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  0 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  1 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 10 Jul 31 05:22 /dev/dm-10
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 11 Jul 31 04:28 /dev/dm-11
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 12 Jul 31 04:55 /dev/dm-12
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 13 Jul 31 05:15 /dev/dm-13
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 14 Jul 31 05:15 /dev/dm-14
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 15 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-15
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 16 Jul 26 12:24 /dev/dm-16
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 17 Jul 31 04:21 /dev/dm-17
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  2 Jul 31 05:15 /dev/dm-2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  3 Jul 31 04:59 /dev/dm-3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  4 Jul 31 05:22 /dev/dm-4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  5 Jul 31 05:15 /dev/dm-5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  6 Jul 31 05:15 /dev/dm-6
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  7 Jul 31 04:28 /dev/dm-7
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  8 Jul 31 05:22 /dev/dm-8
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  9 Jul 31 04:28 /dev/dm-9

发现进一步访问,这三个盘权限全部还原成root:disk,导致grid无法正常访问,到这一部分基本上可以判断恢复过来的多路径下面的三个磁盘,当被访问之时,权限会发生改变,一般发生该问题,是由于这些设备没有被udev进行绑定导致,使用udev对这三个磁盘进行权限和所有组相关信息进行绑定之后,磁盘权限不再变化,v$asm_disk中显示信息也正常

[root@xffdb2 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/dm*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  0 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  1 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 10 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-10
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 11 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-11
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 12 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-12
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 13 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-13
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253, 14 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-14
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 15 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-15
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 16 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-16
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253, 17 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-17
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  2 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  3 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  4 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  5 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  6 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-6
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  7 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-7
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 253,  8 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-8
brw-rw---- 1 root disk     253,  9 Jul 31 05:26 /dev/dm-9
[root@xffdb2 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/mapper/
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 root root 10, 58 Jul 31 05:26 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 mpathe -> ../dm-17
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 mpathf -> ../dm-7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data01_new -> ../dm-14
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data02_new -> ../dm-13
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data03 -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data04 -> ../dm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data05_new -> ../dm-12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data06 -> ../dm-6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data07 -> ../dm-11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_data08 -> ../dm-9
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_log1 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_log2 -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_vote2 -> ../dm-8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 xffdb_vote3 -> ../dm-10
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 vgdata-lv_data -> ../dm-15
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 vg_xffdb2-LogVol00 -> ../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      7 Jul 31 05:26 vg_xffdb2-LogVol01 -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      8 Jul 31 05:26 vg_xffdb2-LogVol02 -> ../dm-16
[root@xffdb2 rules.d]# 

SQL> /

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER HEADER_STATUS                        STATE                    PATH
------------ ----------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------
           0           0 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new
           0           1 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_data05_new
           0           2 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_data03
           0           3 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_data06
           0           4 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_data04
           0           5 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_data02_new
           3           1 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_vote2
           2           0 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_log1
           3           2 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_vote3
           2           1 MEMBER                               NORMAL                   /dev/mapper/xffdb_log2

10 rows selected.

mount磁盘组成功

SQL>  alter diskgroup data_dg mount 
NOTE: cache registered group DATA_DG number=1 incarn=0x4178bd5e
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group DATA_DG number=1 incarn=0x4178bd5e
NOTE: Assigning number (1,0) to disk (/dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,4) to disk (/dev/mapper/xffdb_data05_new)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/mapper/xffdb_data03)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,5) to disk (/dev/mapper/xffdb_data06)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,3) to disk (/dev/mapper/xffdb_data04)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,1) to disk (/dev/mapper/xffdb_data02_new)
Wed Jul 31 05:27:47 2024
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 1
GMON querying group 1 at 46 for pid 29, osid 26738
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 1: DATA_DG_0000 path:/dev/mapper/xffdb_data01_new
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache opening disk 1 of grp 1: DATA_DG_0001 path:/dev/mapper/xffdb_data02_new
NOTE: cache opening disk 2 of grp 1: DATA_DG_0002 path:/dev/mapper/xffdb_data03
NOTE: cache opening disk 3 of grp 1: DATA_DG_0003 path:/dev/mapper/xffdb_data04
NOTE: cache opening disk 4 of grp 1: DATA_DG_0004 path:/dev/mapper/xffdb_data05_new
NOTE: cache opening disk 5 of grp 1: DATA_DG_0005 path:/dev/mapper/xffdb_data06
NOTE: cache mounting (first) external redundancy group 1/0x4178BD5E (DATA_DG)
Wed Jul 31 05:27:47 2024
* allocate domain 1, invalid = TRUE 
kjbdomatt send to inst 1
Wed Jul 31 05:27:47 2024
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 1
NOTE: cache recovered group 1 to fcn 0.1814063801
NOTE: redo buffer size is 256 blocks (1053184 bytes)
Wed Jul 31 05:27:47 2024
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATA_DG)
NOTE: LGWR found thread 1 closed at ABA 12401.4517
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATA_DG)
NOTE: LGWR opening thread 1 at fcn 0.1814063801 ABA 12402.4518
NOTE: cache mounting group 1/0x4178BD5E (DATA_DG) succeeded
NOTE: cache ending mount (success) of group DATA_DG number=1 incarn=0x4178bd5e
Wed Jul 31 05:27:47 2024
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 1
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATA_DG was mounted
SUCCESS:  alter diskgroup data_dg mount

重要提醒:手工直接对multipath设备权限所有者操作,当该设备被访问之时权限可能恢复成当初默认root:disk,对于这样的设备建议通过udev进行设置权限和所有者等信息

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